An ell is an addition that creates an L-shaped floor plan it is usually added to the rear of a building. A wing is a relatively large side projection that is smaller than the main mass. Projections from the basic box shape take various forms. The mansard roof of this carriage house is topped by a cupola. This house, perfectly square-shaped and known as a Four Square, has a hipped roof.įigure G. This side-gabled house has a gambrel roof with three dormers.įigure F. Mansard (also called French) is a hipped roof variation with two slopes, in which the lower slope is steeper than the upper slope (Figure G).įigure E. In a hipped roof, which has no gables, four sloping surfaces form the roof (Figure F). The porch of this front-gabled house has a pediment over the entrance stairs.Ī gambrel roof is gabled with two slopes on each side of a center ridge – a shallow slope above a steeply pitched slope it is also known as a Dutch roof (E). Side elevation of a saltbox house.įigure C. This side-gabled house has single central chimney.įigure B. Cross gables occur when roof gables intersect at right angles (Figure D).įigure A. A new house form was introduced in the early 19th century with the front-gabled (also called end-gabled) houses of the Greek Revival and continued into the Victorian period (Figure C).
The familiar New England saltbox style is a variation of the side-gabled form in which a lean-to addition continues the back roof slope (Figure B). The earliest house forms in America were side-gabled (Figure A). A gable, the wall that encloses the end of a roof, can occur at the side or the front of the box. The simplest house form is a single box with a gabled roof. The shape of the box and the shape and orientation of the roof define a house’s characteristic form. With few exceptions, all houses are composed of boxes with roofs. This section introduces basic architectural terms and focuses on the larger shapes and elements that help distinguish one house form from another. Many of us struggle to name the myriad structural and decorative components that make up a house.
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